Mechanical Engineer Career Guide

What Does a Mechanical Engineer Do?

Mechanical engineers research, design, develop, build, and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices, including tools, engines, and machines. They analyze problems to see how mechanical and thermal devices might help solve them, then use computer-aided design software to create and analyze prototypes.

Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering fields. These professionals design power-producing machines like electric generators, internal combustion engines, and turbines, as well as power-using machines such as refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. They also work on elevators, escalators, material-handling systems, and robotics.

Typical day-to-day responsibilities include:

• Analyzing problems to see how mechanical and thermal devices might help solve them
• Designing or redesigning mechanical and thermal devices using analysis and computer-aided design
• Investigating equipment failures to diagnose faults and recommend remedies
• Developing and testing prototypes of devices
• Analyzing test results and modifying designs as needed
• Overseeing the manufacturing process

Work environment: Mechanical engineers generally work in offices but may occasionally visit worksites where equipment needs personal attention. They work with other engineers, technicians, and professionals as part of a team. Most work full time, with some working more than 40 hours per week.

Education & Requirements

• Typical Education: Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technology is required for entry-level positions.
• Certifications: Professional Engineering (PE) license is required for higher-level positions and to sell services to the public. This requires passing the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam, gaining 4+ years of experience, and passing the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam.
• Key Skills: Creativity, problem-solving, math skills (calculus, statistics), mechanical skills, listening skills, proficiency with computer-aided design (CAD) software, and ability to integrate sensors, controllers, and machinery.
• Experience: Entry-level positions typically require no prior work experience, though internships and co-ops during college are highly beneficial. Some programs offer 5-year bachelor's/master's combinations or cooperative plans that combine classroom study with paid work experience.

Salary Information

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2024 data):

• Median Annual Salary: $102,320 ($49.19/hour)
• Entry-Level (10th percentile): $68,740
• Experienced (90th percentile): $161,240
• Top-Paying Industries:
  • Scientific research and development services: $123,080
  • Computer and electronic product manufacturing: $107,890
  • Transportation equipment manufacturing: $103,210
  • Architectural, engineering, and related services: $102,990
  • Machinery manufacturing: $96,690

Job Outlook & Growth

Employment projections (2024-2034): Employment of mechanical engineers is projected to grow 9 percent, much faster than the average for all occupations. This translates to approximately 26,500 new jobs over the decade, with about 18,100 openings projected each year on average.

Factors driving growth: Employment is expected to increase as automation and innovation create demand for mechanical engineers to design, develop, test, and maintain a variety of products and systems. As manufacturing processes incorporate more complex automation machinery, mechanical engineers will be needed to help integrate this equipment into existing systems. Many openings will also result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or retire.

Industry trends: The integration of automation, robotics, and advanced manufacturing processes continues to create opportunities. Areas like renewable energy systems, electric vehicle development, and advanced HVAC systems are growing sectors for mechanical engineers.

How to Break Into This Field

1. Education: Earn a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from an ABET-accredited program. Coursework typically includes mathematics, life and physical sciences, engineering principles, and design. Consider programs offering co-op opportunities or 5-year bachelor's/master's combinations for enhanced credentials and experience.
2. Entry-Level Roles: Look for positions titled Junior Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Design Engineer, Product Development Engineer, or Manufacturing Engineer. Internships during college can often lead to full-time offers.
3. Build Skills: Gain proficiency in CAD software (SolidWorks, AutoCAD, CATIA), learn programming languages useful in engineering (Python, MATLAB), develop strong math foundations, and work on hands-on projects or competitions (like SAE Formula or robotics competitions).
4. Network: Join professional associations like the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), attend engineering conferences and career fairs, connect with professors and alumni, and build a LinkedIn profile showcasing projects and internships.
5. Apply Strategically: Target companies in aerospace (Boeing, Lockheed Martin), automotive (GM, Ford, Tesla), manufacturing (GE, 3M), consulting firms (McKinsey, BCG for those with technical backgrounds), and engineering services firms. Use job boards like Indeed, LinkedIn, and engineering-specific sites like EngineerJobs.com.

Career Path & Advancement

Typical career progression:

• Entry-Level (0-3 years): Junior Mechanical Engineer or Associate Engineer, working under supervision on specific project components
• Mid-Level (3-7 years): Mechanical Engineer or Senior Engineer, leading projects, mentoring juniors, obtaining PE license
• Senior-Level (7-12 years): Lead Engineer, Principal Engineer, or Engineering Manager, overseeing multiple projects and teams
• Executive-Level (12+ years): Director of Engineering, VP of Engineering, or Chief Technology Officer

Specializations: Automotive engineering, HVAC systems, robotics, aerospace, manufacturing engineering, thermal systems, biomechanical engineering

Career tracks: Individual Contributor (IC) track focusing on deep technical expertise and innovation, or Management track leading teams and projects. Many engineers pursue graduate degrees (MS or PhD) for research roles or faculty positions. Some transition to business roles after earning an MBA.

Pros & Cons

Related Careers

If you're interested in Mechanical Engineer, you might also consider:

• Materials Engineers ($108,310 median) - Develop, process, and test materials used to create products
• Petroleum Engineers ($141,280 median) - Devise methods to improve oil and gas extraction
• Nuclear Engineers ($127,520 median) - Research and develop projects concerning nuclear energy
• Sales Engineers ($121,520 median) - Sell technical products/services requiring engineering expertise
• Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians ($68,730 median) - Help mechanical engineers with design, development, and testing
• Drafters ($65,380 median) - Convert engineering designs into technical drawings
• Natural Sciences Managers ($161,180 median) - Supervise research and activities in engineering and sciences