Electrician Career Guide

What Does an Electrician Do?

Electricians install, maintain, and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and control systems in homes, businesses, and factories. They read blueprints and technical diagrams, install wiring and electrical components, troubleshoot electrical problems, and ensure all work meets local and national electrical codes.

A typical day varies by specialization. Residential electricians wire new homes, upgrade electrical panels, and troubleshoot household electrical issues. Commercial electricians work on larger buildings, installing complex lighting systems and power distribution. Industrial electricians maintain machinery and electrical systems in factories. Work is physically demanding, involving climbing ladders, working in tight spaces, and being outdoors in various weather conditions. Most electricians work full-time, with overtime common, and some are on-call for emergency repairs.

Education & Requirements

• Typical Education: High school diploma or equivalent, followed by a 4-5 year apprenticeship program combining on-the-job training with classroom instruction (typically 144 hours of technical training and 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training per year).
• Certifications: State licensure required in most states. Electricians must pass an exam demonstrating knowledge of electrical theory, National Electrical Code, and local codes. Journeyman license after apprenticeship; Master Electrician license after additional years of experience.
• Key Skills: Reading blueprints, understanding electrical codes (NEC), troubleshooting, hand and power tool proficiency, color vision for identifying wires, physical stamina, problem-solving, customer service
• Experience: Entry into apprenticeship programs typically requires high school diploma with algebra and physics coursework, plus passing an aptitude test. Some programs require drug screening and background check.

Salary Information

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2024 data):

• Median Annual Salary: $62,350
• Entry-Level (10th percentile): $39,430
• Experienced (90th percentile): $106,030
• Top-Paying States: Illinois, New York, Alaska, Hawaii, District of Columbia
• Top-Paying Metro Areas: San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward CA, Trenton NJ, New York-Newark-Jersey City NY-NJ-PA, Chicago-Naperville-Elgin IL-IN-WI

Job Outlook & Growth

Employment of Electricians is projected to grow 9% from 2024 to 2034, faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is driven by increased demand for wiring in new buildings, alternative energy installation (solar panels, wind turbines), and maintenance of aging infrastructure.

The construction of new homes and buildings requires electricians to install electrical systems. The growing installation of solar panels and electric vehicle charging stations creates additional demand. Furthermore, factories and other facilities need electricians to maintain and upgrade electrical systems. Job prospects are particularly strong in areas with growing populations and new construction activity.

How to Break Into This Field

1. Education: Earn a high school diploma with strong performance in algebra, physics, and technical/shop classes. Consider attending a technical school or community college for pre-apprenticeship electrical training programs (6-12 months) to increase apprenticeship competitiveness.
2. Entry-Level Roles: Apply to apprenticeship programs through unions (IBEW, IEC), trade associations, or directly with electrical contractors. Alternatively, start as an electrician's helper or assistant to gain basic experience before formal apprenticeship.
3. Build Skills: During apprenticeship, focus on learning residential, commercial, or industrial specializations. Study for journeyman license exam. Pursue additional certifications in specialized areas like solar installation, fire alarm systems, or automation. Build a reputation for quality work and reliability.
4. Network: Join electrical trade associations (NECA, ABC), attend trade shows and continuing education classes, connect with local contractors and building inspectors, participate in union activities if applicable.
5. Apply Strategically: Research apprenticeship programs through IBEW local unions, Independent Electrical Contractors (IEC), Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC), or state apprenticeship agencies. Contact electrical contractors directly. Government facilities (military bases, public works) also offer apprenticeships.

Career Path & Advancement

Electricians typically progress from Apprentice (4-5 years) → Journeyman Electrician → Master Electrician (after additional years and passing master exam). From master level, advancement includes becoming a supervisor, project manager, electrical inspector, or starting an independent electrical contracting business.

Specializations include residential service electrician, commercial/industrial electrician, maintenance electrician, outside lineman (power transmission), low-voltage technician, solar installer, or controls/automation specialist. Some electricians transition into electrical design, estimating, or code inspection roles. Business-minded electricians often start their own contracting companies.

Pros & Cons

Related Careers

If you're interested in Electrician, you might also consider:

• Plumber - Install and repair piping systems in buildings
• HVAC Technician - Work with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
• Carpenter - Construct and repair building frameworks and structures
• Electrical Engineer - Design electrical systems (requires bachelor's degree)
• Construction Manager - Oversee construction projects and trades